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ethereal
SYNOPSYS
ethereal [ -a capture autostop condition ] ... [ -b num-
ber of ring buffer files [:duration] ] [ -B byte view height ]
[ -c count ] [ -f capture filter expression ] [ -h ] [ -i interface ]
[ -k ] [ -l ] [ -L ] [ -m font ] [ -n ] [ -N resolving flags ]
[ -o preference setting ] ... [ -p ] [ -P packet list height ] [ -Q ]
[ -r infile ] [ -R display filter expression ] [ -S ] [ -s snaplen ]
[ -T details view height ] [ -t time stamp format ] [ -v ] [ -w save-
file] [ -y link type ] [ -z statistics-string ] [ infile ]
DESCRIPTION
Ethereal is a GUI network protocol analyzer. It lets you interactively
browse packet data from a live network or from a previously saved cap-
ture file. Ethereal’s native capture file format is libpcap format,
which is also the format used by tcpdump and various other tools.
Ethereal can read / import the following file formats:
· libpcap, tcpdump and various other tools using tcpdump’s capture for-
mat
· snoop and atmsnoop
· Shomiti/Finisar Surveyor captures
· Novell LANalyzer captures
· Microsoft Network Monitor captures
· AIX’s iptrace captures
· Cinco Networks NetXRay captures
· Network Associates Windows-based Sniffer captures
· Network General/Network Associates DOS-based Sniffer (compressed or
uncompressed) captures
· AG Group/WildPackets EtherPeek/TokenPeek/AiroPeek/EtherHelp/Packet-
Grabber captures
· RADCOM’s WAN/LAN analyzer captures
· Network Instruments Observer version 9 captures
· Lucent/Ascend router debug output
· files from HP-UX’s nettl
· Toshiba’s ISDN routers dump output
· the output from i4btrace from the ISDN4BSD project
· traces from the EyeSDN USB S0.
· the output in IPLog format from the Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection
System
· pppd logs (pppdump format)
· the output from VMS’s TCPIPtrace/TCPtrace/UCX$TRACE utilities
· the text output from the DBS Etherwatch VMS utility
· Visual Networks’ Visual UpTime traffic capture
· the output from CoSine L2 debug
· the output from Accellent’s 5Views LAN agents
· Endace Measurement Systems’ ERF format captures
· Linux Bluez Bluetooth stack hcidump -w traces
There is no need to tell Ethereal what type of file you are reading; it
will determine the file type by itself. Ethereal is also capable of
reading any of these file formats if they are compressed using gzip.
Ethereal recognizes this directly from the file; the ’.gz’ extension is
not required for this purpose.
Like other protocol analyzers, Ethereal’s main window shows 3 views of
in other protocol analyzers, and the syntax you can use to create your
filters is richer. As Ethereal progresses, expect more and more proto-
col fields to be allowed in display filters.
Packet capturing is performed with the pcap library. The capture fil-
ter syntax follows the rules of the pcap library. This syntax is dif-
ferent from the display filter syntax.
Compressed file support uses (and therefore requires) the zlib library.
If the zlib library is not present, Ethereal will compile, but will be
unable to read compressed files.
The pathname of a capture file to be read can be specified with the -r
option or can be specified as a command-line argument.
OPTIONS
Most users will want to start Ethereal without options and config-
ure it from the menus instead. Those users may just skip this sec-
tion.
-a Specify a criterion that specifies when Ethereal is to stop writing
to a capture file. The criterion is of the form test:value, where
test is one of:
duration
Stop writing to a capture file after value seconds have
elapsed.
filesize
Stop writing to a capture file after it reaches a size of value
kilobytes (where a kilobyte is 1000 bytes, not 1024 bytes). If
this option is used together with the -b option, Ethereal will
stop writing to the current capture file and switch to the next
one if filesize is reached.
files
Stop writing to capture files after value number of files were
written.
-b If a maximum capture file size was specified, cause Ethereal to run
in "ring buffer" mode, with the specified number of files. In
"ring buffer" mode, Ethereal will write to several capture files.
Their name is based on the number of the file and on the creation
date and time.
When the first capture file fills up, Ethereal will switch to writ-
ing to the next file, until it fills up the last file, at which
point it’ll discard the data in the first file (unless 0 is speci-
fied, in which case, the number of files is unlimited) and start
writing to that file and so on.
If the optional duration is specified, Ethereal will switch also to
the next file when the specified number of seconds has elapsed even
if the current file is not completely fills up.
packet capture.
Network interface names should match one of the names listed in
"tethereal -D". If you’re using Unix, "netstat -i" or "ifconfig
-a" might also work to list interface names, although not all ver-
sions of Unix support the -a flag to ifconfig.
Pipe names should be either the name of a FIFO (named pipe) or
‘‘-’’ to read data from the standard input. Data read from pipes
must be in standard libpcap format.
-k Start the capture session immediately. If the -i flag was speci-
fied, the capture uses the specified interface. Otherwise, Ethe-
real searches the list of interfaces, choosing the first non-loop-
back interface if there are any non-loopback interfaces, and choos-
ing the first loopback interface if there are no non-loopback
interfaces; if there are no interfaces, Ethereal reports an error
and doesn’t start the capture.
-l Turn on automatic scrolling if the packet display is being updated
automatically as packets arrive during a capture (as specified by
the -S flag).
-L List the data link types supported by the interface and exit.
-m Set the name of the font used by Ethereal for most text. Ethereal
will construct the name of the bold font used for the data in the
byte view pane that corresponds to the field selected in the packet
details pane from the name of the main text font.
-n Disable network object name resolution (such as hostname, TCP and
UDP port names).
-N Turn on name resolving for particular types of addresses and port
numbers, with name resolving for other types of addresses and port
numbers turned off; the argument is a string that may contain the
letters m to enable MAC address resolution, n to enable network
address resolution, and t to enable transport-layer port number
resolution. This overrides -n if both -N and -n are present. The
letter C enables concurrent (asynchronous) DNS lookups.
-o Set a preference value, overriding the default value and any value
read from a preference file. The argument to the flag is a string
of the form prefname:value, where prefname is the name of the pref-
erence (which is the same name that would appear in the preference
file), and value is the value to which it should be set.
-p Don’t put the interface into promiscuous mode. Note that the
interface might be in promiscuous mode for some other reason;
hence, -p cannot be used to ensure that the only traffic that is
captured is traffic sent to or from the machine on which Ethereal
is running, broadcast traffic, and multicast traffic to addresses
received by that machine.
-P Set the initial height of the packet list (top) pane.
carded.
-S Perform the live packet capture in a separate process, and automat-
ically update the packet display as packets are seen.
-s Set the default snapshot length to use when capturing live data.
No more than snaplen bytes of each network packet will be read into
memory, or saved to disk.
-T Set the initial height of the packet details (middle) pane.
-t Set the format of the packet timestamp displayed in the packet list
window. The format can be one of ’r’ (relative), ’a’ (absolute),
’ad’ (absolute with date), or ’d’ (delta). The relative time is
the time elapsed between the first packet and the current packet.
The absolute time is the actual time the packet was captured, with
no date displayed; the absolute date and time is the actual time
and date the packet was captured. The delta time is the time since
the previous packet was captured. The default is relative.
-v Print the version and exit.
-w Set the default capture file name.
-y If a capture is started from the command line with -k, set the data
link type to use while capturing packets. The values reported by
-L are the values that can be used.
-z Get Ethereal to collect various types of statistics and display the
result in a window that updates in semi-real time. Currently
implemented statistics are:
-z dcerpc,srt,uuid,major.minor[,filter]
Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for DCERPC
interface uuid, version major.minor. Data collected is number of
calls for each procedure, MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT. Example: use
-z dcerpc,srt,12345778-1234-abcd-ef00-0123456789ac,1.0 to collect
data for CIFS SAMR Interface. This option can be used multiple
times on the command line.
If the optional filterstring is provided, the stats will only be
calculated on those calls that match that filter. Example: use -z
dcerpc,srt,12345778-1234-abcd-ef00-0123456789ac,1.0,ip.addr==1.2.3.4
to collect SAMR SRT statistics for a specific host.
-z io,stat
Collect packet/bytes statistics for the capture in intervals of 1
seconds. This option will open a window with up to 5 color-coded
graphs where number-of-packets-per-second or number-of-bytes-per-
second statistics can be calculated and displayed.
This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
This graph window can also be opened from the Analyze:Statis-
If the optional filter string is provided, the stats will only be
calculated on those calls that match that filter. Example: use -z
rpc,srt,100003,3,nfs.fh.hash==0x12345678 to collect NFS v3 SRT
statistics for a specific file.
-z rpc,programs
Collect call/reply RTT data for all known ONC-RPC programs/ver-
sions. Data collected is number of calls for each protocol/ver-
sion, MinRTT, MaxRTT and AvgRTT.
-z smb,srt[,filter]
Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for SMB. Data
collected is number of calls for each SMB command, MinSRT, MaxSRT
and AvgSRT. Example: use -z smb,srt.
The data will be presented as separate tables for all normal SMB
commands, all Transaction2 commands and all NT Transaction com-
mands. Only those commands that are seen in the capture will have
its stats displayed. Only the first command in a xAndX command
chain will be used in the calculation. So for common SessionSetu-
pAndX + TreeConnectAndX chains, only the SessionSetupAndX call will
be used in the statistics. This is a flaw that might be fixed in
the future.
This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
If the optional filterstring is provided, the stats will only be
calculated on those calls that match that filter. Example: use -z
"smb,srt,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" to only collect stats for SMB packets
echanged by the host at IP address 1.2.3.4 .
-z fc,srt[,filter]
Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for FC. Data
collected is number of calls for each Fibre Channel command, Min-
SRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT. Example: use -z fc,srt. The Service
Response Time is calculated as the time delta between the First
packet of the exchange and the Last packet of the exchange.
The data will be presented as separate tables for all normal FC
commands, Only those commands that are seen in the capture will
have its stats displayed.
This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
If the optional filterstring is provided, the stats will only be
calculated on those calls that match that filter. Example: use -z
"fc,srt,fc.id==01.02.03" to only collect stats for FC packets
echanged by the host at FC address 01.02.03 .
-z ldap,srt[,filter]
Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for LDAP. Data
collected is number of calls for each implemented LDAP command,
If the optional filterstring is provided, the stats will only be
calculated on those calls that match that filter. Example: use -z
"ldap,srt,ip.addr==10.1.1.1" to only collect stats for LDAP packets
echanged by the host at IP address 10.1.1.1 .
The only LDAP command that are currently implemented and the stats
will be available for are: BIND SEARCH MODIFY ADD DELETE MODRDN
COMPARE EXTENDED
-z mgcp,srt[,filter]
Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
MGCP. This is similar to -z smb,srt). Data collected is number of
calls for each known MGCP Type, Minimum SRT, Maximum SRT and Aver-
age SRT. Example: use -z mgcp,srt.
This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
If the optional filterstring is provided, the stats will only be
calculated on those calls that match that filter. Example: use -z
"mgcp,srt,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" to only collect stats for MGCP packets
exchanged by the host at IP address 1.2.3.4 .
-z conv,type[,filter]
Create a table that lists all conversations that could be seen in
the capture. type specifies for which type of conversation we want
to generate the statistics; currently the supported ones are
"eth" Ethernet
"fc" Fibre Channel addresses
"fddi" FDDI addresses
"ip" IP addresses
"ipx" IPX addresses
"tcp" TCP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
"tr" TokenRing
"udp" UDP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
If the optional filter string is specified, only those packets that
match the filter will be used in the calculations.
The table is presented with one line for each conversation and dis-
plays number of packets/bytes in each direction as well as total
number of packets/bytes. By default, the table is sorted according
to total number of packets.
These tables can also be generated at runtime by selecting the
appropriate conversation type from the menu "Tools/Statistics/Con-
versation List/".
-z h225,counter[,filter]
Count ITU-T H.225 messages and their reasons. In the first column
you get a list of H.225 messages and H.225 message reasons, which
occur in the current capture file. The number of occurences of each
message or reason is displayed in the second column.
-z h225,srt[,filter]
Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for ITU-
T H.225 RAS. Data collected is number of calls of each ITU-T H.225
RAS Message Type, Minimum SRT, Maximum SRT, Average SRT, Minimum in
Packet, and Maximum in Packet. You will also get the number of
Open Requests (Unresponded Requests), Discarded Responses
(Responses without matching request) and Duplicate Messages. Exam-
ple: use -z h225,srt.
This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
If the optional filterstring is provided, the stats will only be
calculated on those calls that match that filter. Example: use -z
"h225,srt,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" to only collect stats for ITU-T H.225
RAS packets exchanged by the host at IP address 1.2.3.4 .
-z sip,stat[,filter]
This option will activate a counter for SIP messages. You will get
the number of occurences of each SIP Method and of each SIP Sta-
tus-Code. Additionally you also get the number of resent SIP Mes-
sages (only for SIP over UDP).
Example: use -z sip,stat.
This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
If the optional filter string is provided, the stats will only be
calculated on those calls that match that filter. Example: use -z
"sip,stat,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" to only collect stats for SIP packets
exchanged by the host at IP address 1.2.3.4 .
INTERFACE
MENU ITEMS
File:Open
File:Open Recent
File:Close
Open or close a capture file. The File:Open dialog box allows a
filter to be specified; when the capture file is read, the filter
is applied to all packets read from the file, and packets not
matching the filter are discarded. The File:Open Recent is a sub-
menu and will show a list of previously opened files.
File:Save
File:Save As
Save the current capture, or the packets currently displayed from
that capture, to a file. Check boxes let you select whether to
save all packets, or just those that have passed the current dis-
play filter and/or those that are currently marked, and an option
menu lets you select (from a list of file formats in which at par-
ticular capture, or the packets currently displayed from that cap-
ture, can be saved), a file format in which to save it.
line, the packet details view, and/or the hex dump of the packet
can be printed.
Printing options can be set with the Edit:Preferences menu item, or
in the dialog box popped up by this menu item.
File:Quit
Exit the application.
Edit:Find Packet
Search forward or backward, starting with the currently selected
packet (or the most recently selected packet, if no packet is
selected). Search criteria can be a display filter expression, a
string of hexadecimal digits, or a text string.
When searching for a text string, you can search the packet data,
or you can search the text in the Info column in the packet list
pane or in the packet details pane.
Hexadecimal digits can be separated by colons, periods, or dashes.
Text string searches can be ASCII or Unicode (or both), and may be
case insensitive.
Edit:Find Next
Edit:Find Previous
Search forward / backward for a packet matching the filter from the
previous search, starting with the currently selected packet (or
the most recently selected packet, if no packet is selected).
Edit:Time Reference:Set Time Reference
Set (or unset if currently set) the selected packet as a Time Ref-
erence packet. When a packet is set as a Time Reference packet,
the timestamps in the packet list pane will be replaced with the
string "*REF*". The relative time timestamp in later packets will
then be calculated relative to the timestamp of this Time Reference
packet and not the first packet in the capture.
Packets that have been selected as Time Reference packets will
always be displayed in the packet list pane. Display filters will
not affect or hide these packets.
If there is a column displayed for "Culmulative Bytes" this counter
will be reset at every Time Reference packet.
Edit:Time Reference:Find Next
Edit:Time Reference:Find Previous
Search forward / backward for a time referenced packet.
Edit:Mark Packet
Mark (or unmark if currently marked) the selected packet. The
field "frame.marked" is set for packets that are marked, so that,
for example, a display filters can be used to display only marked
packets, and so that the Edit:Find Packet dialog can be used to
find the next or previous marked packet.
Edit:Mark All Packets
Show or hide the main window controls.
View:Packet List
View:Packet Details
View:Packet Bytes
Show or hide the main window panes.
View:Time Display Format
Set the format of the packet timestamp displayed in the packet list
window to relative, absolute, absolute date and time, or delta.
View:Name Resolution
Enable or disable translation of addresses to names in the display.
View:Auto Scroll in Live Capture
Enable or disable the automatic scrolling of the packet list while
a live capture is in progress.
View:Zoom In
View:Zoom Out
Zoom into / out of the main window data (by changing the font
size).
View:Normal Size
Reset the zoom factor of zoom in / zoom out back to normal font
size.
View:Collapse All
View:Expand All
Collapse / Expand all branches of the packet details.
View:Expand Tree
Expands the currently selected item in the packet details.
View:Coloring Rules
Change the foreground and background colors of the packet informa-
tion in the list of packets, based upon display filters. The list
of display filters is applied to each packet sequentially. After
the first display filter matches a packet, any additional display
filters in the list are ignored. Therefore, if you are filtering
on the existence of protocols, you should list the higher-level
protocols first, and the lower-level protocols last.
How Colorization Works
Packets are colored according to a list of color filters. Each
filter consists of a name, a filter expression and a col-
oration. A packet is colored according to the first filter that
it matches, Color filter expressions use exactly the same syn-
tax as display filter expressions.
When Ethereal starts, the color filters are loaded from:
1. The user’s personal color filters file or, if that does
not exist,
2. The global color filters file.
Reload a capture file. Same as File:Close and File:Open the same
file again.
Go:Go To Packet
Go to a particular numbered packet.
Go:Go To Corresponding Packet
If a field in the packet details pane containing a packet number is
selected, go to the packet number specified by that field. (This
works only if the dissector that put that entry into the packet
details put it into the details as a filterable field rather than
just as text.) This can be used, for example, to go to the packet
for the request corresponding to a reply, or the reply correspond-
ing to a request, if that packet number has been put into the
packet details.
Go:First Packet
Go:Last Packet
Go to the first / last packet in the capture.
Capture:Start
Initiate a live packet capture (see Capture Options dialog below).
A temporary file will be created to hold the capture. The location
of the file can be chosen by setting your TMPDIR environment vari-
able before starting Ethereal. Otherwise, the default TMPDIR loca-
tion is system-dependent, but is likely either /var/tmp or /tmp.
Capture:Stop
In a capture that updates the packet display as packets arrive (so
that Ethereal responds to user input other than pressing the "Stop"
button in the capture packet statistics dialog box), stop the cap-
ture.
Capture:Capture Filters
Edit the saved list of capture filters, allowing filters to be
added, changed, or deleted.
Analyze:Display Filters
Edit the saved list of display filters, allowing filters to be
added, changed, or deleted.
Analyze:Apply as Filter
Create a display filter, or add to the display filter strip at the
bottom, a display filter based on the data currently highlighted in
the packe details, and apply the filter.
If that data is a field that can be tested in a display filter
expression, the display filter will test that field; otherwise, the
display filter will be based on absolute offset within the packet,
and so could be unreliable if the packet contains protocols with
variable-length headers, such as a source-routed token-ring packet.
The Selected option creates a display filter that tests for a match
of the data; the Not Selected option creates a display filter that
tests for a non-match of the data. The And Selected, Or Selected,
And Not Selected, and Or Not Selected options add to the end of the
protocol. Individual protocols can be enabled or disabled by
clicking on them in the list or by highlighting them and pressing
the space bar. The entire list can be enabled, disabled, or
inverted using the buttons below the list.
When a protocol is disabled, dissection in a particular packet
stops when that protocol is reached, and Ethereal moves on to the
next packet. Any higher-layer protocols that would otherwise have
been processed will not be displayed. For example, disabling TCP
will prevent the dissection and display of TCP, HTTP, SMTP, Telnet,
and any other protocol exclusively dependent on TCP.
The list of protocols can be saved, so that Ethereal will start up
with the protocols in that list disabled.
Analyze:Decode As
If you have a packet selected, present a dialog allowing you to
change which dissectors are used to decode this packet. The dialog
has one panel each for the link layer, network layer and transport
layer protocol/port numbers, and will allow each of these to be
changed independently. For example, if the selected packet is a
TCP packet to port 12345, using this dialog you can instruct Ethe-
real to decode all packets to or from that TCP port as HTTP pack-
ets.
Analyze:User Specified Decodes
Create a new window showing whether any protocol ID to dissector
mappings have been changed by the user. This window also allows
the user to reset all decodes to their default values.
Analyze:Follow TCP Stream
If you have a TCP packet selected, display the contents of the data
stream for the TCP connection to which that packet belongs, as
text, in a separate window, and leave the list of packets in a fil-
tered state, with only those packets that are part of that TCP con-
nection being displayed. You can revert to your old view by press-
ing ENTER in the display filter text box, thereby invoking your old
display filter (or resetting it back to no display filter).
The window in which the data stream is displayed lets you select:
· whether to display the entire conversation, or one or the
other side of it;
· whether the data being displayed is to be treated as ASCII
or EBCDIC text or as raw hex data;
and lets you print what’s currently being displayed, using the same
print options that are used for the File:Print Packet menu item, or
save it as text to a file.
Statistics:Summary
Show summary information about the capture, including elapsed time,
packet counts, byte counts, and the like. If a display filter is
in effect, summary information will be shown about the capture and
about the packets currently being displayed.
"End Bytes".
Statistics:IO Graphs
Open a window where up to 5 graphs in different colors can be dis-
played to indicate number of packets or number of bytes per second
for all packets matching the specified filter. By default only one
graph will be displayed showing number of packets per second.
The top part of the window contains the graphs and scales for the X
and Y axis. If the graph is too long to fit inside the window
there is a horizontal scrollbar below the drawing area that can
scroll the graphs to the left or the right. The horizontal axis
displays the time into the capture and the vertical axis will dis-
play the measured quantity at that time.
Below the drawing area and the scrollbar are the controls. On the
bottom left there will be five similar sets of controls to control
each induvidual graph such as "Display:<button>" which button will
toggle that individual graph on/off. If <button> is ticked, the
graph will be displayed. "Color:<color>" which is just a button to
show which color will be used to draw that graph (color is only
available in Gtk2 version) and finally "Filter:<filter-text>" which
can be used to specify a display filter for that particular graph.
If filter-text is empty then all packets will be used to calculate
the quantity for that graph. If filter-text is specified only
those packets that match that display filter will be considered in
the calculation of quantity.
To the right of the 5 graph controls there are four menus to con-
trol global aspects of the draw area and graphs. The "Unit:" menu
is used to control what to measure; "packets/tick", "bytes/tick" or
"advanced..."
packets/tick will measure the number of packets matching the (if
specified) display filter for the graph in each measurement inter-
val.
bytes/tick will measure the total number of bytes in all packets
matching the (if specified) display filter for the graph in each
measurement interval.
advanced... see below
"Tick interval:" specifies what measurement intervals to use. The
default is 1 second and means that the data will be counted over 1
second intervals.
"Pixels per tick:" specifies how many pixels wide each measurement
interval will be in the drawing area. The default is 5 pixels per
tick.
"Y-scale:" controls the max value for the y-axis. Default value is
"auto" which means that Ethereal will try to adjust the maxvalue
automatically.
that some field can occur multiple times in the same packet and
then all instances will be summed up. Example: ’tcp.len’ which
will count the amount of payload data transferred across TCP in
each interval.
COUNT: available for all field types. This will COUNT the number of
times certain field occurs in each interval. Note that some fields
may occur multiple times in each packet and if that is the case
then each instance will be counted independently and COUNT will be
greater than the number of packets.
MAX: available for all integer and relative time fields. This will
calculate the max seen integer/time value seen for the field during
the interval. Example: ’smb.time’ which will plot the maximum SMB
response time.
MIN: available for all integer and relative time fields. This will
calculate the min seen integer/time value seen for the field during
the interval. Example: ’smb.time’ which will plot the minimum SMB
response time.
AVG: available for all integer and relative time fields.This will
calculate the average seen integer/time value seen for the field
during the interval. Example: ’smb.time’ which will plot the aver-
age SMB response time.
LOAD: available only for relative time fields (response times).
Example of advanced: Display how NFS response time MAX/MIN/AVG
changes over time:
Set first graph to:
filter:nfs&&rpc.time
Calc:MAX rpc.time
Set second graph to
filter:nfs&&rpc.time
Calc:AVG rpc.time
Set third graph to
filter:nfs&&rpc.time
Calc:MIN rpc.time
Example of advanced: Display how the average packet size from host
a.b.c.d changes over time.
Set first graph to
filter:ip.addr==a.b.c.d&&frame.pkt_len
Calc:AVG frame.pkt_len
LOAD: The LOAD io-stat type is very different from anything you
have ever seen before! While the response times themself as plotted
Load is measured in concurrency/number of overlapping i/o and the
value 1000 means there is a constant load of one i/o.
In each tick interval the amount of overlap is measured. See the
graph below containing three commands: Below the graph are the LOAD
values for each interval that would be calculated.
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ o=====* │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ o========* │ o============* │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
--------------------------------------------------> Time
500 1500 500 750 1000 500 0 0
Statistics:Conversation List
This option will open a new window that displays a list of all con-
versations between two endpoints. The list has one row for each
unique conversation and displays total number of packets/bytes seen
as well as number of packets/bytes in each direction.
By default the list is sorted according to the number of packets
but by clicking on the column header; it is possible to re-sort the
list in ascending or descending order by any column.
By first selecting a conversation by clicking on it and then using
the right mouse button (on those platforms that have a right mouse
button) ethereal will display a popup menu offering several differ-
ent filter operations to apply to the capture.
These statistics windows can also be invoked from the Ethereal com-
mand line using the -z conv argument.
Statistics:Service Response Time:DCE-RPC
Open a window to display Service Response Time statistics for an
arbitrary DCE-RPC program interface and display Procedure, Number
of Calls, Minimum SRT, Maximum SRT and Average SRT for all proce-
dures for that program/version. These windows opened will update
in semi-real time to reflect changes when doing live captures or
when reading new capture files into Ethereal.
This dialog will also allow an optional filter string to be used.
If an optional filter string is used only such DCE-RPC
request/response pairs that match that filter will be used to cal-
culate the statistics. If no filter string is specified all
request/response pairs will be used.
Statistics:Service Response Time:Fibre Channel
Open a window to display Service Response Time statistics for Fibre
Channel and display FC Type, Number of Calls, Minimum SRT, Maximum
SRT and Average SRT for all FC types. These windows opened will
update in semi-real time to reflect changes when doing live cap-
tures or when reading new capture files into Ethereal. The Service
Response Time is calculated as the time delta between the First
gram interface and display Procedure, Number of Calls, Minimum SRT,
Maximum SRT and Average SRT for all procedures for that pro-
gram/version. These windows opened will update in semi-real time
to reflect changes when doing live captures or when reading new
capture files into Ethereal.
This dialog will also allow an optional filter string to be used.
If an optional filter string is used only such ONC-RPC
request/response pairs that match that filter will be used to cal-
culate the statistics. If no filter string is specified all
request/response pairs will be used.
By first selecting a conversation by clicking on it and then using
the right mouse button (on those platforms that have a right mouse
button) ethereal will display a popup menu offering several differ-
ent filter operations to apply to the capture.
Statistics:Service Response Time:SMB
Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for SMB. Data
collected is number of calls for each SMB command, MinSRT, MaxSRT
and AvgSRT.
The data will be presented as separate tables for all normal SMB
commands, all Transaction2 commands and all NT Transaction com-
mands. Only those commands that are seen in the capture will have
its stats displayed. Only the first command in a xAndX command
chain will be used in the calculation. So for common SessionSetu-
pAndX + TreeConnectAndX chains, only the SessionSetupAndX call will
be used in the statistics. This is a flaw that might be fixed in
the future.
You can apply an optional filter string in a dialog box, before
starting the calculation. The stats will only be calculated on
those calls matching that filter.
By first selecting a conversation by clicking on it and then using
the right mouse button (on those platforms that have a right mouse
button) ethereal will display a popup menu offering several differ-
ent filter operations to apply to the capture.
Statistics:Service Response Time:MGCP
Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
MGCP. Data collected is number of calls for each known MGCP Type,
Minimum SRT, Maximum SRT, Average SRT, Minimum in Packet, and Maxi-
mum in Packet. These windows opened will update in semi-real time
to reflect changes when doing live captures or when reading new
capture files into Ethereal.
You can apply an optional filter string in a dialog box, before
starting the calculation. The statistics will only be calculated on
those calls matching that filter.
Statistics:Service Response Time:ITU-T H.225 RAS
Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for ITU-
T H.225 RAS. Data collected is number of calls for each known ITU-
T H.225 RAS Message Type, Minimum SRT, Maximum SRT, Average SRT,
Statistics:ITU-T H.225
Count ITU-T H.225 messages and their reasons. In the first column
you get a list of H.225 messages and H.225 message reasons, which
occur in the current capture file. The number of occurences of each
message or reason will be displayed in the second column. This
window opened will update in semi-real time to reflect changes when
doing live captures or when reading new capture files into Ethe-
real.
You can apply an optional filter string in a dialog box, before
starting the counter. The statistics will only be calculated on
those calls matching that filter.
Statistics:SIP
Activate a counter for SIP messages. You will get the number of
occurences of each SIP Method and of each SIP Status-Code. Addi-
tionally you also get the number of resent SIP Messages (only for
SIP over UDP).
This window opened will update in semi-real time to reflect changes
when doing live captures or when reading new capture files into
Ethereal.
You can apply an optional filter string in a dialog box, before
starting the counter. The statistics will only be calculated on
those calls matching that filter.
Statistics:ONC-RPC Programs
This dialog will open a window showing aggregated RTT statistics
for all ONC-RPC Programs/versions that exist in the capture file.
Help:Contents
Some help texts.
Help:Supported Protocols
List of supported protocols and display filter protocol fields.
Help:About Ethereal
See various information about Ethereal (see About dialog below),
like the version, the folders used, the available plugins, ...
WINDOWS
Main Window
The main window contains the usual things like the menu, some tool-
bars, the main area and a statusbar. The main area is split into
three panes, you can resize each pane using a "thumb" at the right
end of each divider line.
The main window is much more flexible than before. The layout of
the main window can be customized by the Layout page in the dialog
box popped up by Edit:Preferences, the following will describe the
layout with the default settings.
Selecting the Filter: button lets you choose from a list of
named filters that you can optionally save. Pressing the
Return or Enter keys, or selecting the Apply button, will
cause the filter to be applied to the current list of pack-
ets. Selecting the Reset button clears the display filter so
that all packets are displayed (again).
There is no way to customize the items in the toolbar, how-
ever the toolbar can be hidden by View:Filter Toolbar.
Packet List Pane
The top pane contains the list of network packets that you
can scroll through and select. By default, the packet num-
ber, packet timestamp, source and destination addresses, pro-
tocol, and description are displayed for each packet; the
Columns page in the dialog box popped up by Edit:Preferences
lets you change this (although, unfortunately, you currently
have to save the preferences, and exit and restart Ethereal,
for those changes to take effect).
If you click on the heading for a column, the display will be
sorted by that column; clicking on the heading again will
reverse the sort order for that column.
An effort is made to display information as high up the pro-
tocol stack as possible, e.g. IP addresses are displayed for
IP packets, but the MAC layer address is displayed for
unknown packet types.
The right mouse button can be used to pop up a menu of opera-
tions.
The middle mouse button can be used to mark a packet.
Packet Details Pane
The middle pane contains a display of the details of the cur-
rently-selected packet. The display shows each field and its
value in each protocol header in the stack. The right mouse
button can be used to pop up a menu of operations.
Packet Bytes Pane
The lowest pane contains a hex and ASCII dump of the actual
packet data. Selecting a field in the packet details high-
lights the corresponding bytes in this section.
The right mouse button can be used to pop up a menu of opera-
tions.
Statusbar
The statusbar is divided into two parts, on the left some
context dependant things are shown, like information about
the loaded file, on the right the number of packets are dis-
played: P = Packets captured/loaded, D = Displayed in packet
list (after filtering), M = Marked by user.
Scrollbars
The vertical scrollbars in the three panes can be set
to be either on the left or the right.
Selection Bars
The selection bar in the packet list and packet details
can have either a "browse" or "select" behavior. If
the selection bar has a "browse" behavior, the arrow
keys will move an outline of the selection bar, allow-
ing you to browse the rest of the list or details with-
out changing the selection until you press the space
bar. If the selection bar has a "select" behavior, the
arrow keys will move the selection bar and change the
selection to the new item in the packet list or packet
details.
Tree Line Style
Trees can be drawn with no lines, solid lines, or dot-
ted lines between items, or can be drawn with "tab"
headings.
Tree Expander Style
The expander item that can be clicked to show or hide
items under a tree item can be omitted (note that this
will prevent you from changing whether those items are
shown or hidden!), or can be drawn as squares, trian-
gles, or circles.
Hex Display
The highlight method in the hex dump display for the
selected protocol item can be set to use either inverse
video, or bold characters.
Save Window Position
If this item is selected, the position of the main
Ethereal window will be saved when Ethereal exits, and
used when Ethereal is started again.
Save Window Size
If this item is selected, the size of the main Ethereal
window will be saved when Ethereal exits, and used when
Ethereal is started again.
File Open Dialog Behavior
This item allows the user to select how Ethereal han-
dles the listing of the "File Open" Dialog when opening
trace files. "Remember Last Directory" causes Ethereal
to automatically position the dialog in the directory
of the most recently opened file, even between launches
of Ethereal. "Always Open in Directory" allows the
user to define a persistent directory that the dialog
will always default to.
Directory
Allows the user to specify a persistent File Open
directory. Trailing slashes or backslashes will auto-
The Column title entry is used to specify the title of the
column displayed at the top of the packet list. The type of
data that the column displays can be specified using the Col-
umn format option menu. The row of buttons on the left per-
form the following actions:
New Adds a new column to the list.
Delete
Deletes the currently selected list item.
Up / Down
Moves the selected list item up or down one position.
Font Preferences
The Font page lets you select the font to be used for most
text.
Color Preferences
The Colors page can be used to change the color of the text
displayed in the TCP stream window and for marked packets. To
change a color, simply select an attribute from the "Set:"
menu and use the color selector to get the desired color.
The new text colors are displayed as a sample text.
Capture Preferences
The Capture page lets you specify various parameters for cap-
turing live packet data; these are used the first time a cap-
ture is started.
The Interface: combo box lets you specify the interface from
which to capture packet data, or the name of a FIFO from
which to get the packet data.
The Data link type: option menu lets you, for some inter-
faces, select the data link header you want to see on the
packets you capture. For example, in some OSes and with some
versions of libpcap, you can choose, on an 802.11 interface,
whether the packets should appear as Ethernet packets (with a
fake Ethernet header) or as 802.11 packets.
The Limit each packet to ... bytes check box lets you set the
snapshot length to use when capturing live data; turn on the
check box, and then set the number of bytes to use as the
snapshot length.
The Filter: text entry lets you set a capture filter expres-
sion to be used when capturing.
If any of the environment variables SSH_CONNECTION,
SSH_CLIENT, REMOTEHOST, DISPLAY, or CLIENTNAME are set, Ethe-
real will create a default capture filter that excludes traf-
fic from the hosts and ports defined in those variables.
The Capture packets in promiscuous mode check box lets you
show the most recently captured packets.
Printing Preferences
The radio buttons at the top of the Printing page allow you
choose between printing packets with the File:Print Packet
menu item as text or PostScript, and sending the output
directly to a command or saving it to a file. The Command:
text entry box, on UNIX-compatible systems, is the command to
send files to (usually lpr), and the File: entry box lets you
enter the name of the file you wish to save to. Addition-
ally, you can select the File: button to browse the file sys-
tem for a particular save file.
Protocol Preferences
There are also pages for various protocols that Ethereal dis-
sects, controlling the way Ethereal handles those protocols.
Edit Capture Filter List
Edit Display Filter List
Capture Filter
Display Filter
Read Filter
Search Filter
The Edit Capture Filter List dialog lets you create, modify, and
delete capture filters, and the Edit Display Filter List dialog
lets you create, modify, and delete display filters.
The Capture Filter dialog lets you do all of the editing operations
listed, and also lets you choose or construct a filter to be used
when capturing packets.
The Display Filter dialog lets you do all of the editing operations
listed, and also lets you choose or construct a filter to be used
to filter the current capture being viewed.
The Read Filter dialog lets you do all of the editing operations
listed, and also lets you choose or construct a filter to be used
to as a read filter for a capture file you open.
The Search Filter dialog lets you do all of the editing operations
listed, and also lets you choose or construct a filter expression
to be used in a find operation.
In all of those dialogs, the Filter name entry specifies a descrip-
tive name for a filter, e.g. Web and DNS traffic. The Filter
string entry is the text that actually describes the filtering
action to take, as described above.The dialog buttons perform the
following actions:
New If there is text in the two entry boxes, creates a new asso-
ciated list item.
Edit Modifies the currently selected list item to match what’s in
the entry boxes.
Delete
position.
OK In the Capture Filter dialog, closes the dialog box and makes
the filter in the Filter string entry the filter in the
Capture Preferences dialog. In the Display Filter dialog,
closes the dialog box and makes the filter in the Filter
string entry the current display filter, and applies it to
the current capture. In the Read Filter dialog, closes the
dialog box and makes the filter in the Filter string entry
the filter in the Open Capture File dialog. In the Search
Filter dialog, closes the dialog box and makes the filter in
the Filter string entry the filter in the Find Packet dialog.
Apply Makes the filter in the Filter string entry the current dis-
play filter, and applies it to the current capture.
Save If the list of filters being edited is the list of capture
filters, saves the current filter list to the personal cap-
ture filters file, and if the list of filters being edited is
the list of display filters, saves the current filter list to
the personal display filters file.
Close Closes the dialog without doing anything with the filter in
the Filter string entry.
The Color Filters Dialog
This dialog displays a list of color filters and allows it to be
modified.
THE FILTER LIST
Single rows may be selected by clicking. Multiple rows may be
selected by using the ctrl and shift keys in combination with
the mouse button.
NEW Adds a new filter at the bottom of the list and opens the Edit
Color Filter dialog box. You will have to alter the filter
expression at least before the filter will be accepted. The
format of color filter expressions is identical to that of dis-
play filters. The new filter is selected, so it may immediately
be moved up and down, deleted or edited. To avoid confusion
all filters are unselected before the new filter is created.
EDIT
Opens the Edit Color Filter dialog box for the selected filter.
(If this button is disabled you may have more than one filter
selected, making it ambiguous which is to be edited.)
DELETE
Deletes the selected color filter(s).
EXPORT
Allows you to choose a file in which to save the current list
of color filters. You may also choose to save only the selected
filters. A button is provided to save the filters in the global
color filters file (you must have sufficient permissions to
write this file, of course).
CLEAR
Deletes your personal color filters file, reloads the global
color filters file, if any, and closes the dialog.
UP Moves the selected filter(s) up the list, making it more likely
that they will be used to color packets.
DOWN
Moves the selected filter(s) down the list, making it less
likely that they will be used to color packets.
OK Closes the dialog and uses the color filters as they stand.
APPLY
Colors the packets according to the current list of color fil-
ters, but does not close the dialog.
SAVE
Saves the current list of color filters in your personal color
filters file. Unless you do this they will not be used the next
time you start Ethereal.
CLOSE
Closes the dialog without changing the coloration of the pack-
ets. Note that changes you have made to the current list of
color filters are not undone.
Capture Options
The Capture Options dialog lets you specify various parameters for
capturing live packet data.
The Interface: field lets you specify the interface from which to
capture packet data or a command from which to get the packet data
via a pipe.
The Link layer header type: field lets you specify the interfaces
link layer header type. This field is usually disabled, as most
interface have only one header type.
The Capture packets in promiscuous mode check box lets you specify
whether the interface should be put into promiscuous mode when cap-
turing.
The Limit each packet to ... bytes check box and field lets you
specify a maximum number of bytes per packet to capture and save;
if the check box is not checked, the limit will be 65535 bytes.
The Capture Filter: entry lets you specify the capture filter using
a tcpdump-style filter string as described above.
The File: entry lets you specify the file into which captured pack-
ets should be saved, as in the Printer Options dialog above. If
not specified, the captured packets will be saved in a temporary
file; you can save those packets to a file with the File:Save As
menu item.
The Next file every ... minute(s) check box and fields lets you
specify that the switch to a next file should be done after the
specified time has elapsed, even if the specified capture size is
not reached.
The Ring buffer with ... files field lets you specify the number of
files of a ring buffer. This feature will capture into to the first
file again, after the specified amount of files were used.
The Stop capture after ... files field lets you specify the number
of capture files used, until the capture is stopped.
The Stop capture after ... packet(s) check box and field let you
specify that Ethereal should stop capturing after having captured
some number of packets; if the check box is not checked, Ethereal
will not stop capturing at some fixed number of captured packets.
The Stop capture after ... megabyte(s) check box and field lets you
specify that Ethereal should stop capturing after the file to which
captured packets are being saved grows as large as or larger than
some specified number of megabytes. If the check box is not
checked, Ethereal will not stop capturing at some capture file size
(although the operating system on which Ethereal is running, or the
available disk space, may still limit the maximum size of a capture
file). This option is disabled, if "multiple files" mode is used,
The Stop capture after ... second(s) check box and field let you
specify that Ethereal should stop capturing after it has been cap-
turing for some number of seconds; if the check box is not checked,
Ethereal will not stop capturing after some fixed time has elapsed.
The Update list of packets in real time check box lets you specify
whether the display should be updated as packets are captured and,
if you specify that, the Automatic scrolling in live capture check
box lets you specify the packet list pane should automatically
scroll to show the most recently captured packets as new packets
arrive.
The Enable MAC name resolution, Enable network name resolution and
Enable transport name resolution check boxes let you specify
whether MAC addresses, network addresses, and transport-layer port
numbers should be translated to names.
About
The About dialog lets you view various information about Ethereal.
About:Ethereal
The Ethereal page lets you view general information about Ethereal,
like the installed version, licensing information and such.
About:Authors
The Authors page shows the author and all contributors.
About:Folders
The Folders page lets you view the directory names where Ethereal
/usr/local/lib/ethereal/plugins/$VERSION), /usr/lib/ethereal/plug-
ins/$VERSION, /usr/local/lib/ethereal/plugins/$VERSION, and
$HOME/.ethereal/plugins on UNIX-compatible systems, and in the plu-
gins\$VERSION directory under the main installation directory (for
example, C:\Program Files\Ethereal\plugins\$VERSION) and %APP-
DATA%\Ethereal\plugins\$VERSION (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined,
%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Ethereal\plugins\$VERSION) on Win-
dows systems; $VERSION is the version number of the plugin inter-
face, which is typically the version number of Ethereal. Note that
a dissector plugin module may support more than one protocol; there
is not necessarily a one-to-one correspondence between dissector
plugin modules and protocols. Protocols supported by a dissector
plugin module are enabled and disabled using the Edit:Protocols
dialog box, just as protocols built into Ethereal are.
CAPTURE FILTER SYNTAX
See the tcpdump(8) manual page.
DISPLAY FILTER SYNTAX
For a complete table of protocol and protocol fields that are filter-
able in Ethereal see ethereal-filter(4).
FILES
The global preferences file, preferences, which is installed in the
ethereal directory under the share subdirectory of the main installa-
tion directory (for example, /usr/local/share/ethereal) on UNIX-compat-
ible systems, and in the main installation directory (for example,
C:\Program Files\Ethereal) on Windows systems, and the personal prefer-
ences file, which is $HOME/.ethereal/preferences on UNIX-compatible
systems and %APPDATA%\Ethereal\preferences (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t
defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Ethereal\preferences) on Win-
dows systems, contain system-wide and personal preference settings,
respectively. The files contain preference settings of the form pref-
name:value, one per line, where prefname is the name of the preference
(which is the same name that would appear in the preference file), and
value is the value to which it should be set; white space is allowed
between : and value. A preference setting can be continued on subse-
quent lines by indenting the continuation lines with white space. A #
character starts a comment that runs to the end of the line.
The system-wide preference file is read first, if it exists, overriding
Ethereal’s default values; the personal preferences file is then read,
if it exists, overriding default values and values read from the sys-
tem-wide preference file.
Note that whenever the preferences are saved by using the Save button
in the Edit:Preferences dialog box, your personal preferences file will
be overwritten with the new settings, destroying any comments that were
in the file.
The disabled protocols file, which is $HOME/.ethereal/disabled_protos
on UNIX-compatible systems and %APPDATA%\Ethereal\disabled_protos (or,
if %APPDATA% isn’t defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Ethe-
real\disabled_protos) on Windows systems, contain a list of protocols
that have been disabled, so that their dissectors are never called.
The file contains protocol names, one per line, where the protocol name
isn’t defined, the %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Ethereal\hosts file)
on Windows systems, exists, the entries in that file are used to
resolve IPv4 and IPv6 addresses before any other attempts are made to
resolve them. That file has the standard hosts file syntax; each line
contains one IP address and name, separated by whitespace.
The global ethers file, which is found in the /etc directory on UNIX-
compatible systems, and in the main installation directory (for exam-
ple, C:\Program Files\Ethereal) on Windows systems, is consulted to
correlate 6-byte hardware addresses to names. If an address is not
found in the global ethers file, the personal ethers file, in
$HOME/.ethereal/ethers on UNIX-compatible systems, and in
%APPDATA%\Ethereal\ethers (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined, the %USER-
PROFILE%\Application Data\Ethereal\ethers file) on Windows systems is
consulted next. Each line contains one hardware address and name, sep-
arated by whitespace. The digits of the hardware address are separated
by either a colon (:), a dash (-), or a period (.). The following
three lines are valid lines of an ethers file:
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Broadcast
c0-00-ff-ff-ff-ff TR_broadcast
00.00.00.00.00.00 Zero_broadcast
The manuf file, which is installed in the etc directory under the main
installation directory (for example, /usr/local/etc) on UNIX-compatible
systems, and in the main installation directory (for example, C:\Pro-
gram Files\Ethereal) on Windows systems, matches the 3-byte vendor por-
tion of a 6-byte hardware address with the manufacturer’s name; it can
also contain well-known MAC addresses and address ranges specified with
a netmask. The format of the file is the same as the ethers file,
except that entries of the form
00:00:0C Cisco
can be provided, with the 3-byte OUI and the name for a vendor, and
entries of the form
00-00-0C-07-AC/40 All-HSRP-routers
can be specified, with a MAC address and a mask indicating how many
bits of the address must match. Trailing zero bytes can be omitted
from address ranges. That entry, for example, will match addresses
from 00-00-0C-07-AC-00 through 00-00-0C-07-AC-FF. The mask need not be
a multiple of 8.
The global ipxnets file, which is found in the /etc directory on UNIX-
compatible systems, and in the main installation directory (for exam-
ple, C:\Program Files\Ethereal) on Windows systems, correlates 4-byte
IPX network numbers to names. If a network number is not found in the
global ipxnets file, the personal ipxnets file, in $HOME/.ethe-
real/ipxnets on UNIX-compatible systems, and in %APPDATA%\Ethe-
real\ipxnets (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined, the %USERPROFILE%\Appli-
cation Data\Ethereal\ipxnets file) on Windows systems, is consulted
next. The format is the same as the ethers file, except that each
address if four bytes instead of six. Additionally, the address can be
represented a single hexadecimal number, as is more common in the IPX
isn’t defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Ethereal\cfilters) on
Windows systems, and the personal display filters file, in $HOME/.ethe-
real/dfilters on UNIX-compatible systems, and %APPDATA%\Ethereal\dfil-
ters (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application
Data\Ethereal\dfilters) on Windows systems, contain personal capture
and display filters, respectively.
The global color filters file, colorfilters, which is installed in the
ethereal directory under the share subdirectory of the main installa-
tion directory (for example, /usr/local/share/ethereal) on UNIX-compat-
ible systems, and in the main installation directory (for example,
C:\Program Files\Ethereal) on Windows systems, and the personal color
filters file, which is $HOME/.ethereal/colorfilters on UNIX-compatible
systems and %APPDATA%\Ethereal\colorfilters (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t
defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Ethereal\colorfilters) on Win-
dows systems, contain system-wide and personal color filters, respec-
tively.
SEE ALSO
ethereal-filter(4) tethereal(1), editcap(1), tcpdump(8), pcap(3)
NOTES
The latest version of Ethereal can be found at http://www.ethereal.com.
AUTHORS
Original Author
-------- ------
Gerald Combs <gerald[AT]ethereal.com>
Contributors
------------
Gilbert Ramirez <gram[AT]alumni.rice.edu>
Hannes R. Boehm <hannes[AT]boehm.org>
Mike Hall <mike [AT] hallzone.net>
Bobo Rajec <bobo[AT]bsp-consulting.sk>
Laurent Deniel <laurent.deniel[AT]free.fr>
Don Lafontaine <lafont02[AT]cn.ca>
Guy Harris <guy[AT]alum.mit.edu>
Simon Wilkinson <sxw[AT]dcs.ed.ac.uk>
Joerg Mayer <jmayer[AT]loplof.de>
Martin Maciaszek <fastjack[AT]i-s-o.net>
Didier Jorand <Didier.Jorand[AT]alcatel.fr>
Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino <itojun[AT]itojun.org>
Richard Sharpe <sharpe[AT]ns.aus.com>
John McDermott <jjm[AT]jkintl.com>
Jeff Jahr <jjahr[AT]shastanets.com>
Brad Robel-Forrest <bradr[AT]watchguard.com>
Ashok Narayanan <ashokn[AT]cisco.com>
Aaron Hillegass <aaron[AT]classmax.com>
Jason Lango <jal[AT]netapp.com>
Johan Feyaerts <Johan.Feyaerts[AT]siemens.com>
Olivier Abad <oabad[AT]noos.fr>
Thierry Andry <Thierry.Andry[AT]advalvas.be>
Jeff Foster <jfoste[AT]woodward.com>
Peter Torvals <petertv[AT]xoommail.com>
Christophe Tronche <ch.tronche[AT]computer.org>
Bert Driehuis <driehuis[AT]playbeing.org>
Stuart Stanley <stuarts[AT]mxmail.net>
John Thomes <john[AT]ensemblecom.com>
Laurent Cazalet <laurent.cazalet[AT]mailclub.net>
Thomas Parvais <thomas.parvais[AT]advalvas.be>
Gerrit Gehnen <G.Gehnen[AT]atrie.de>
Craig Newell <craign[AT]cheque.uq.edu.au>
Ed Meaney <emeaney[AT]cisco.com>
Dietmar Petras <DPetras[AT]ELSA.de>
Fred Reimer <fwr[AT]ga.prestige.net>
Florian Lohoff <flo[AT]rfc822.org>
Jochen Friedrich <jochen+ethereal[AT]scram.de>
Paul Welchinski <paul.welchinski[AT]telusplanet.net>
Doug Nazar <nazard[AT]dragoninc.on.ca>
Andreas Sikkema <h323 [AT] ramdyne.nl>
Mark Muhlestein <mmm[AT]netapp.com>
Graham Bloice <graham.bloice[AT]trihedral.com>
Ralf Schneider <ralf.schneider[AT]alcatel.se>
Yaniv Kaul <ykaul[AT]netvision.net.il>
Paul Ionescu <paul[AT]acorp.ro>
Mark Burton <markb[AT]ordern.com>
Stefan Raab <sraab[AT]cisco.com>
Mark Clayton <clayton[AT]shore.net>
Michael Rozhavsky <mike[AT]tochna.technion.ac.il>
Dug Song <dugsong[AT]monkey.org>
Michael Tuexen <tuexen [AT] fh-muenster.de>
Bruce Korb <bkorb[AT]sco.com>
Jose Pedro Oliveira <jpo[AT]di.uminho.pt>
David Frascone <dave[AT]frascone.com>
Peter Kjellerstedt <pkj[AT]axis.com>
Phil Techau <phil_t[AT]altavista.net>
Wes Hardaker <hardaker[AT]users.sourceforge.net>
Robert Tsai <rtsai[AT]netapp.com>
Craig Metz <cmetz[AT]inner.net>
Per Flock <per.flock[AT]axis.com>
Jack Keane <jkeane[AT]OpenReach.com>
Brian Wellington <bwelling[AT]xbill.org>
Santeri Paavolainen <santtu[AT]ssh.com>
Ulrich Kiermayr <uk[AT]ap.univie.ac.at>
Neil Hunter <neil.hunter[AT]energis-squared.com>
Ralf Holzer <ralf[AT]well.com>
Craig Rodrigues <rodrigc [AT] attbi.com>
Ed Warnicke <hagbard[AT]physics.rutgers.edu>
Johan Jorgensen <johan.jorgensen[AT]axis.com>
Frank Singleton <frank.singleton[AT]ericsson.com>
Kevin Shi <techishi[AT]ms22.hinet.net>
Mike Frisch <mfrisch[AT]isurfer.ca>
Burke Lau <burke_lau[AT]agilent.com>
Martti Kuparinen <martti.kuparinen[AT]iki.fi>
David Hampton <dhampton[AT]mac.com>
Kent Engstroem <kent[AT]unit.liu.se>
Ronnie Sahlberg <ronnie_sahlberg[AT]ozemail.com.au>
Borosa Tomislav <tomislav.borosa[AT]SIEMENS.HR>
Alexandre P. Ferreira <alexandref[AT]tcoip.com.br>
Simharajan Srishylam <Simharajan.Srishylam[AT]netapp.com>
Greg Kilfoyle <gregk[AT]redback.com>
Hannes Gredler <hannes[AT]juniper.net>
Support for Juniper’s DLT_JUNIPER_ATM
Inoue <inoue[AT]ainet.or.jp>
Olivier Biot <ethereal[AT]versateladsl.be>
Patrick Wolfe <pjw[AT]zocalo.cellular.ameritech.com>
Martin Held <Martin.Held[AT]icn.siemens.de>
Riaan Swart <rswart[AT]cs.sun.ac.za>
Christian Lacunza <celacunza[AT]gmx.net>
Scott Renfro <scott[AT]renfro.org>
Juan Toledo <toledo[AT]users.sourceforge.net>
Jean-Christian Pennetier <jeanchristian.pennetier[AT]rd.francetelecom.fr>
Jian Yu <bgp4news[AT]yahoo.com>
Eran Mann <emann[AT]opticalaccess.com>
Andy Hood <ajhood [AT] fl.net.au>
Randy McEoin <rmceoin[AT]pe.net>
Edgar Iglesias <edgar.iglesias[AT]axis.com>
Martina Obermeier <Martina.Obermeier[AT]icn.siemens.de>
Javier Achirica <achirica[AT]ttd.net>
B. Johannessen <bob[AT]havoq.com>
Thierry Pelle <thierry.pelle[AT]laposte.net>
Francisco Javier Cabello <fjcabello[AT]vtools.es>
Laurent Rabret <laurent.rabret[AT]rd.francetelecom.fr>
nuf si <gnippiks[AT]yahoo.com>
Jeff Morriss <jeff.morriss[AT]ulticom.com>
Aamer Akhter <aakhter[AT]cisco.com>
Pekka Savola <pekkas[AT]netcore.fi>
David Eisner <cradle[AT]Glue.umd.edu>
Steve Dickson <steved[AT]talarian.com>
Markus Seehofer <mseehofe[AT]nt.hirschmann.de>
Lee Berger <lberger[AT]roy.org>
Motonori Shindo <mshindo[AT]mshindo.net>
Terje Krogdahl <tekr[AT]nextra.com>
Jean-Francois Mule <jfm[AT]cablelabs.com>
Thomas Wittwer <thomas.wittwer[AT]iclip.ch>
Matthias Nyffenegger <matthias.nyffenegger[AT]iclip.ch>
Palle Lyckegaard <Palle[AT]lyckegaard.dk>
Nicolas Balkota <balkota[AT]mac.com>
Tom Uijldert <Tom.Uijldert[AT]cmg.nl>
Akira Endoh <endoh[AT]netmarks.co.jp>
Graeme Hewson <graeme.hewson[AT]oracle.com>
Pasi Eronen <pe[at]iki.fi>
Georg von Zezschwitz <gvz[AT]2scale.net>
Steffen Weinreich <steve[AT]weinreich.org>
Marc Milgram <ethereal[AT]mmilgram.NOSPAMmail.net>
Gordon McKinney <gordon[AT]night-ray.com>
Pavel Novotny <Pavel.Novotny[AT]icn.siemens.de>
Shinsuke Suzuki <suz[AT]kame.net>
Andrew C. Feren <acferen[AT]yahoo.com>
Tomas Kukosa <tomas.kukosa [AT] siemens.com>
Andreas Stockmeier <a.stockmeier[AT]avm.de>
Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander[AT]nomadiclab.com>
Hamish Moffatt <hamish[AT]cloud.net.au>
Kazushi Sugyo <k-sugyou[AT]nwsl.mesh.ad.jp>
Tim Potter <tpot[AT]samba.org>
Raghu Angadi <rangadi[AT]inktomi.com>
Taisuke Sasaki <sasaki[AT]soft.net.fujitsu.co.jp>
Jirka Novak <j.novak[AT]netsystem.cz>
Ricardo Barroetaven~a <rbarroetavena[AT]veufort.com>
Alan Harrison <alanharrison[AT]mail.com>
Mike Frantzen <frantzen[AT]w4g.org>
Charlie Duke <cduke[AT]fvc.com>
Alfred Arnold <Alfred.Arnold[AT]elsa.de>
Dermot Bradley <dermot.bradley[AT]openwave.com>
Adam Sulmicki <adam[AT]cfar.umd.edu>
Kari Tiirikainen <kari.tiirikainen[AT]nokia.com>
John Mackenzie <John.A.Mackenzie[AT]t-online.de>
Peter Valchev <pvalchev[AT]openbsd.org>
Alex Rozin <Arozin[AT]mrv.com>
Jouni Malinen <jkmaline[AT]cc.hut.fi>
Paul E. Erkkila <pee[AT]erkkila.org>
Jakob Schlyter <jakob[AT]openbsd.org>
Jim Sienicki <sienicki[AT]issanni.com>
Steven French <sfrench[AT]us.ibm.com>
Diana Eichert <deicher[AT]sandia.gov>
Blair Cooper <blair[AT]teamon.com>
Kikuchi Ayamura <ayamura[AT]ayamura.org>
Didier Gautheron <dgautheron[AT]magic.fr>
Phil Williams <csypbw[AT]comp.leeds.ac.uk>
Kevin Humphries <khumphries[AT]networld.com>
Erik Nordstroem <erik.nordstrom[AT]it.uu.se>
Devin Heitmueller <dheitmueller[AT]netilla.com>
Chenjiang Hu <chu[AT]chiaro.com>
Kan Sasaki <sasaki[AT]fcc.ad.jp>
Stefan Wenk <stefan.wenk[AT]gmx.at>
Ruud Linders <ruud[AT]lucent.com>
Andrew Esh <Andrew.Esh[AT]tricord.com>
Greg Morris <GMORRIS[AT]novell.com>
Dirk Steinberg <dws[AT]dirksteinberg.de>
Kari Heikkila <kari.o.heikkila[AT]nokia.com>
Olivier Dreux <Olivier.Dreux[AT]alcatel.fr>
Michael Stiller <ms[AT]2scale.net>
Antti Tuominen <ajtuomin[AT]tml.hut.fi>
Martin Gignac <lmcgign[AT]mobilitylab.net>
John Wells <wells[AT]ieee.org>
Loic Tortay <tortay[AT]cc.in2p3.fr>
Steve Housley <Steve_Housley[AT]eur.3com.com>
Peter Hawkins <peter[AT]hawkins.emu.id.au>
Bill Fumerola <billf[AT]FreeBSD.org>
Chris Waters <chris[AT]waters.co.nz>
Solomon Peachy <pizza[AT]shaftnet.org>
Jaime Fournier <Jaime.Fournier [AT] hush.com>
Markus Steinmann <ms[AT]seh.de>
Tsutomu Mieno <iitom[AT]utouto.com>
Yasuhiro Shirasaki <yasuhiro[AT]gnome.gr.jp>
Anand V. Narwani <anand[AT]narwani.org>
Christopher K. St. John <cks[AT]distributopia.com>
Nix <nix[AT]esperi.demon.co.uk>
Liviu Daia <Liviu.Daia[AT]imar.ro>
Richard Urwin <richard[AT]soronlin.org.uk>
Prabhakar Krishnan <Prabhakar.Krishnan[AT]netapp.com>
Jim McDonough <jmcd[AT]us.ibm.com>
Sergei Shokhor <sshokhor[AT]uroam.com>
Luke Howard <lukeh[AT]au.padl.com>
PC Drew <drewpc[AT]ibsncentral.com>
Renzo Tomas <renzo.toma [AT] xs4all.nl>
Clive A. Stubbings <eth [AT] vjet.demon.co.uk>
Steve Langasek <vorlon [AT] netexpress.net>
Brad Hards <bhards[AT]bigpond.net.au>
cjs 2895 <cjs2895[AT]hotmail.com>
Lutz Jaenicke <Lutz.Jaenicke [AT] aet.TU-Cottbus.DE>
Senthil Kumar Nagappan <sknagappan [AT] yahoo.com>
Jason House <jhouse [AT] mitre.org>
Peter Fales <psfales [AT] lucent.com>
Fritz Budiyanto <fritzb88 [AT] yahoo.com>
Jean-Baptiste Marchand <Jean-Baptiste.Marchand [AT] hsc.fr>
Andreas Trauer <andreas.trauer [AT] siemens.com>
Ronald Henderson <Ronald.Henderson [AT] CognicaseUSA.com>
Brian Ginsbach <ginsbach [AT] cray.com>
Dave Richards <d_m_richards [AT] comcast.net>
Martin Regner <martin.regner [AT] chello.se>
Jason Greene <jason [AT] inetgurus.net>
Marco Molteni <mmolteni [AT] cisco.com>
James Harris <jharris [AT] fourhorsemen.org>
rmkml <rmkml [AT] wanadoo.fr>
Anders Broman <anders.broman [AT] ericsson.com>
Christian Falckenberg <christian.falckenberg [AT] nortelnetworks.com>
Huagang Xie <xie [AT] lids.org>
cfs 2895 <cjs2895 [AT] hotmail.com>
Pasi Kovanen <Pasi.Kovanen [AT] tahoenetworks.fi>
Teemu Rinta-aho <teemu.rinta-aho [AT] nomadiclab.com>
Martijn Schipper <martijn.schipper [AT] intersil.com>
Wayne Parrott <wayne_p [AT] pacific.net.au>
Laurent Meyer <laurent.meyer6 [AT] wanadoo.fr>
Lars Roland <Lars.Roland [AT] gmx.net>
Miha Jemec <m.jemec [AT] iskratel.si>
Markus Friedl <markus [AT] openbsd.org>
Todd Montgomery <tmontgom [AT] tibco.com>
emre <emre [AT] flash.net>
Stephen Shelley <steve.shelley [AT] attbi.com>
Erwin Rol <erwin [AT] erwinrol.com>
Duncan Laurie <duncan [AT] sun.com>
Tony Schene <schene [AT] pcisys.net>
Matthijs Melchior <mmelchior [AT] xs4all.nl>
Garth Bushell <gbushell [AT] elipsan.com>
Mark C. Brown <mbrown [AT] nosila.net>
Can Erkin Acar <canacar [AT] eee.metu.edu.tr>
Martin Warnes <martin.warnes [AT] ntlworld.com>
J Bruce Fields <bfields [AT] fieldses.org>
tz <tz1 [AT] mac.com>
Jeff Liu <jqliu [AT] broadcom.com>
Niels Koot <Niels.Koot [AT] logicacmg.com>
Lionel Ains <lains [AT] gmx.net>
Joakim Wiberg <jow [AT] hms-networks.com>
Jeff Rizzo <riz [AT] boogers.sf.ca.us>
Christoph Wiest <ch.wiest [AT] tesionmail.de>
Xuan Zhang <xz [AT] aemail4u.com>
Thierry Martin <thierry.martin [AT] accellent-group.com>
Oleg Terletsky <oleg.terletsky [AT] comverse.com>
Nathan Jennings <njen [AT] triad.rr.com>
Hans Viens <hviens [AT] mediatrix.com>
Kevin A. Noll <knoll [AT] poss.com>
Emanuele Caratti <wiz [AT] libero.it>
Graeme Reid <graeme.reid [AT] norwoodsystems.com>
Lars Ruoff <lars.ruoff [AT] sxb.bsf.alcatel.fr>
Samuel Qu <samuel.qu [AT] utstar.com>
Baktha Muralitharan <muralidb [AT] cisco.com>
Loiec Minier <lool [AT] dooz.org>
Marcel Holtmann <marcel [AT] holtmann.org>
Scott Emberley <scotte [AT] netinst.com>
Brian Fundakowski Feldman <bfeldman [AT] fla.fujitsu.com>
Yuriy Sidelnikov <ysidelnikov [AT] hotmail.com>
Matthias Drochner <M.Drochner [AT] fz-juelich.de>
Dave Sclarsky <dave_sclarsky [AT] cnt.com>
Scott Hovis <scott.hovis [AT] ums.msfc.nasa.gov>
David Fort <david.fort [AT] irisa.fr>
Martijn Schipper <mschipper [AT] globespanvirata.com>
Felix Fei <felix.fei [AT] utstar.com>
Christoph Neusch <christoph.neusch [AT] nortelnetworks.com>
Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka [AT] web.de>
Joshua Craig Douglas <jdouglas [AT] enterasys.com>
Dick Gooris <gooris [AT] lucent.com>
Michael Shuldman <michaels [AT] inet.no>
Tadaaki Nagao <nagao [AT] iij.ad.jp>
Aaron Woo <woo [AT] itd.nrl.navy.mil>
Chris Wilson <chris [AT] mxtelecom.com>
Rolf Fiedler <Rolf.Fiedler [AT] Innoventif.com>
Alastair Maw <ethereal [AT] almaw.com>
Sam Leffler <sam [AT] errno.com>
Martin Mathieson <martin [AT] arca-technologies.com>
Christian Wagner <Christian.Wagner [AT] stud.uni-karlsruhe.de>
Edwin Calo <calo [AT] fusemail.com>
Ian Schorr <ischorr [AT] comcast.net>
Rowan McFarland <rmcfarla[AT]cisco.com>
John Engelhart <johne [AT] zang.com>
Ryuji Somegawa <ryuji-so [AT] is.aist-nara.ac.jp>
metatech <metatech [AT] flashmail.com>
Brian Wheeler <Brian.Wheeler [AT] arrisi.com>
Josh Bailey <joshbailey [AT] lucent.com>
Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer [AT] samba.org>
Duncan Sargeant <dunc-ethereal-dev [AT] rcpt.to>
Love Hoernquist Aastrand <lha [AT] it.su.se>
Lukas Pokorny <maskis [AT] seznam.cz>
Carlos Pignataro <cpignata [AT] cisco.com>
Thomas Anders <thomas.anders [AT] blue-cable.de>
Rich Coe <Richard.Coe [AT] med.ge.com>
Dominic Bechaz <bdo [AT] zhwin.ch>
Richard van der Hoff <richardv [AT] mxtelecom.com>
Shaun Jackman <sjackman [AT] telus.net>
Jon Oberheide <jon [AT] oberheide.org>
Henry Ptasinski <henryp [AT] broadcom.com>
Roberto Morro <Roberto.Morro [AT] TILAB.COM>
Chris Maynard <Christopher.Maynard [AT] GTECH.COM>
SEKINE Hideki <sekineh [AT] gf7.so-net.ne.jp>
Jeff Connelly <shellreef+mp2p [AT] gmail.com>
Victor Stratan <hidralisk [AT] yahoo.com>
Peter Johansson <Peter.Johansson [AT] contactor.se>
Stefan Metzmacher <metze [AT] samba.org>
Abhijit Menon-Sen <ams [AT] oryx.com>
James Fields <jvfields [AT] tds.net>
Kevin Johnson <kjohnson [AT] secureideas.net>
Mike Duigou <bondolo [AT] jxta.org>
Deepak Jain <jain1971 [AT] yahoo.com>
Stefano Pettini <spettini [AT] users.sourceforge.net>
Jon Ringle <ml-ethereal [AT] ringle.org>
Tim Endean <endeant [AT] hotmail.com>
Charlie Lenahan <clenahan [AT] fortresstech.com>
Taekshi Nakashima <T.Nakashima [AT] jp.yokogawa.com>
And assorted fixes and enhancements by the people listed above
and by:
Pavel Roskin <proski [AT] gnu.org>
Georgi Guninski <guninski [AT] guninski.com>
Jason Copenhaver <jcopenha [AT] typedef.org>
Eric Perie <eric.perie [AT] colubris.com>
David Yon <yon [AT] tacticalsoftware.com>
Marcio Franco <franco.marcio [AT] rd.francetelecom.fr>
Kaloian Stoilov <kalkata [AT] yahoo.com>
Steven Lass <stevenlass [AT] mail.com>
Gregory Stark <gsstark [AT] mit.edu>
Darren Steele <steeley [AT] steeley.co.uk>
<smhuang [AT] pcs.csie.nctu.edu.tw>
Michael Kopp <michael.kopp [AT] isarnet.de>
Bernd Leibing <bernd.leibing [AT] kiz.uni-ulm.de>
Chris Heath <chris [AT] heathens.co.nz>
Gisle Vanem <giva [AT] bgnett.no>
Ritchie <ritchie [AT] tipsybottle.com>
Aki Immonen <aki.immonen [AT] golftalma.fi>
David E. Weekly <david [AT] weekly.org>
Steve Ford <sford [AT] geeky-boy.com>
Masaki Chikama <masaki-c [AT] is.aist-nara.ac.jp>
Mohammad Hanif <mhanif [AT] nexthop.com>
Eric Wedel <ewedel [AT] bluearc.com>
Reinhard Speyerer <rspmn [AT] arcor.de>
Patrick Kursawe <phosphan [AT] gentoo.org>
Arsen Chaloyan <achaloyan [AT] yahoo.com>
<melerski [AT] poczta.onet.pl>
Arnaud Jacques <webmaster [AT] securiteinfo.com>
D. Manzella <manzella [AT] lucent.com>
Jari Mustajarvi <jari.mustajarvi [AT] nokia.com>
Joost Yervante Damad <Joost.Damad [AT] siemens.com>
Pierre Juhen <pierre.juhen [AT] wanadoo.fr>
David Richards <drichards [AT] alum.mit.edu>
Shusaku Ueda <ueda [AT] sra.co.jp>
Jonathan Perkins <jonathan.perkins [AT] ipaccess.com>
Holger Schurig <h.schurig [AT] mn-logistik.de>
Peter J. Creath <peter-ethereal [AT] creath.net>
Magnus Hansson <mah [AT] hms.se>
Pavel Kankovsky <kan [AT] dcit.cz>
Nick Black <dank [AT] reflexsecurity.com>
Bill Guyton <guyton [AT] bguyton.com>
Nathan Alger <nathan [AT] wasted.com>
Stas Grabois <sagig [AT] radware.com>
Ainsley Pereira <APereira [AT] Witness.com>
Philippe Mazeau <philippe.mazeau [AT] swissvoice.net>
Carles Kishimoto <ckishimo [AT] ac.upc.es>
Dennis Lim <Dennis.Lim [AT] motorola.com>
<postadal [AT] suse.cz>
Martin van der Werff <martin [AT] vanderwerff.org>
Marco van den Bovenkamp <marco [AT] linuxgoeroe.dhs.org>
Ming Zhang <mingz [AT] ele.uri.edu>
Neil Piercy <Neil.Piercy [AT] ipaccess.com>
Remi Denis-Courmont <courmisch [AT] via.ecp.fr>
Francisco Alcoba <francisco.alcoba [AT] ericsson.com>
Thomas Palmer <tpalmer [AT] elmore.rr.com>
Maarten Svantesson <f95-msv [AT] f.kth.se>
Thomas Boehne <TBoehne [AT] ADwin.de>
Steve Sommars <sommars [AT] lucent.com>
Olivier Jacques <olivier.jacques [AT] hp.com>
Kestutis Kupciunas <kesha [AT] soften.ktu.lt>
Rene Pilz <rene.pilz [AT] ftw.at>
Laurent Constantin <laurent.constantin [AT] aql.fr>
Martin Pichlmaier <martin.pichlmaier [AT] siemens.com>
Mark Phillips <msp [AT] nortelnetworks.com>
Nils Ohlmeier <lists [AT] ohlmeier.org>
Ignacio Goyret <igoyret [AT] lucent.com>
Bart Braem <bart.braem [AT] gmail.com>
Shingo Horisawa <name4n5 [AT] hotmail.com>
Lane Hu <lane.hu [AT] utstar.com>
Marc Poulhies <marc.poulhies [AT] epfl.ch>
Tomasz Mrugalski <thomson [AT] klub.com.pl>
Brett Kuskie <mstrprgmmr [AT] chek.com>
Brian Caswell <bmc [AT] sourcefire.com>
Yann <yann_eads [AT] hotmail.com>
Jon Ringle <ml-ethereal [AT] ringle.org>
Julien Leproust <julien [AT] via.ecp.fr>
Mutsuya Irie <irie [AT] sakura-catv.ne.jp>
Yoshihiro Oyama <y.oyama [AT] netagent.co.jp>
Chris Eagle <cseagle [AT] nps.edu>
Dominique Bastien <dbastien [AT] accedian.com>
Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel [AT] 6wind.com>
Ricardo Muggli <ricardo.muggli [AT] mnsu.edu>
Vladimir Kondratiev <vladimir.kondratiev [AT] gmail.com>
Jaap Keuter <jaap.keuter [AT] xs4all.nl>
Alain Magloire <alainm[AT]rcsm.ece.mcgill.ca> was kind enough to
give his permission to use his version of snprintf.c.
Dan Lasley <dlasley[AT]promus.com> gave permission for his
dumpit() hex-dump routine to be used.
Mattia Cazzola <mattiac[AT]alinet.it> provided a patch to the
hex dump display routine.
We use the exception module from Kazlib, a C library written by
Kaz Kylheku <kaz[AT]ashi.footprints.net>. Thanks go to him for
his well-written library. The Kazlib home page can be found at
0.10.10 2005-03-18 ETHEREAL(1)
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