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elisp : GPL
table of contents
Introduction
Coding Conventions
Lisp Data Types
Numbers
Strings and Characters
Lists
Sequences Arrays Vectors
Hash Tables
Symbols
Evaluation
Control Structures
Variables
Functions
Macros
Customization
Loading
Byte Compilation
Advising Functions
Debugging
Read and Print
Minibuffers
Command Loop
Keymaps
Modes
Documentation
Files
Backups and Auto-Saving
Buffers
Windows
Frames
Positions
Markers
Text
Non-ASCII Characters
Searching and Matching
Syntax Tables
Abbrevs
Processes
Display
Calendar
System Interface
Antinews
GNU Free Documentation License
GPL
Tips
GNU Emacs Internals
Standard Errors
Standard Buffer-Local Variables
Standard Keymaps
Standard Hooks
Index
New Symbols
Caveats
Lisp History
Conventions
Acknowledgements
Some Terms
nil and t
Evaluation Notation
Printing Notation
Error Messages
Buffer Text Notation
Format of Descriptions
Coding Conventions
Compilation Tips
Documentation Tips
Comment Tips
Library Headers
A Sample Function Description
A Sample Variable Description
Printed Representation
Comments
Programming Types
Editing Types
Type Predicates
Equality Predicates
Integer Type
Floating Point Type
Character Type
Sequence Type
Cons Cell Type
Array Type
String Type
Vector Type
Symbol Type
Function Type
Macro Type
Primitive Function Type
Byte-Code Type
Autoload Type
Dotted Pair Notation
Association List Type
Buffer Type
Window Type
Window Configuration Type
Marker Type
Process Type
Stream Type
Keymap Type
Overlay Type
Integer Basics
Float Basics
Predicates on Numbers
Comparison of Numbers
Arithmetic Operations
Bitwise Operations
Numeric Conversions
Math Functions
Random Numbers
String Basics
Predicates for Strings
Creating Strings
Text Comparison
String Conversion
Formatting Strings
Case Conversion
Cons Cells
Lists as Boxes
List-related Predicates
List Elements
Building Lists
Modifying Lists
Sets And Lists
Association Lists
Setcar
Setcdr
Rearrangement
Sequence Functions
Arrays
Array Functions
Vectors
Symbol Components
Definitions
Creating Symbols
Property Lists
Intro Eval
Eval
Forms
Quoting
Self-Evaluating Forms
Symbol Forms
Classifying Lists
Function Forms
Macro Forms
Special Forms
Autoloading
Sequencing
Conditionals
Combining Conditions
Iteration
Nonlocal Exits
Catch and Throw
Examples of Catch
Errors
Cleanups
Signaling Errors
Processing of Errors
Handling Errors
Error Symbols
Global Variables
Constant Variables
Local Variables
Void Variables
Defining Variables
Accessing Variables
Setting Variables
Variable Scoping
Buffer-Local Variables
Scope
Extent
Impl of Scope
Using Scoping
Intro to Buffer-Local
Creating Buffer-Local
Default Value
What Is a Function
Lambda Expressions
Function Names
Defining Functions
Calling Functions
Mapping Functions
Anonymous Functions
Function Cells
Related Topics
Lambda Components
Simple Lambda
Argument List
Function Documentation
Simple Macro
Expansion
Compiling Macros
Defining Macros
Backquote
Problems with Macros
How Programs Do Loading
Autoload
Named Features
Repeated Loading
Compilation Functions
Disassembly
Simple Advice
Defining Advice
Computed Advice
Activation of Advice
Enabling Advice
Preactivation
Argument Access in Advice
Subr Arguments
Combined Definition
Debugger
Syntax Errors
Compilation Errors
Edebug
Error Debugging
Function Debugging
Explicit Debug
Using Debugger
Debugger Commands
Invoking the Debugger
Internals of Debugger
Excess Open
Excess Close
Streams Intro
Input Streams
Input Functions
Output Streams
Output Functions
Intro to Minibuffers
Text from Minibuffer
Object from Minibuffer
Completion
Yes-or-No Queries
Minibuffer Misc
Basic Completion
Minibuffer Completion
Completion Commands
High-Level Completion
Reading File Names
Programmed Completion
Command Overview
Defining Commands
Interactive Call
Command Loop Info
Input Events
Reading Input
Waiting
Quitting
Prefix Command Arguments
Recursive Editing
Disabling Commands
Command History
Keyboard Macros
Using Interactive
Interactive Codes
Interactive Examples
Keymap Terminology
Format of Keymaps
Creating Keymaps
Inheritance and Keymaps
Prefix Keys
Menu Keymaps
Active Keymaps
Key Lookup
Functions for Key Lookup
Changing Key Bindings
Key Binding Commands
Scanning Keymaps
Major Modes
Minor Modes
Mode Line Format
Hooks
Major Mode Conventions
Example Major Modes
Auto Major Mode
Mode Help
Minor Mode Conventions
Keymaps and Minor Modes
Mode Line Data
Mode Line Variables
%-Constructs
Documentation Basics
Accessing Documentation
Keys in Documentation
Describing Characters
Help Functions
Visiting Files
Saving Buffers
Reading from Files
Writing to Files
File Locks
Information about Files
Contents of Directories
Changing Files
File Names
Visiting Functions
Subroutines of Visiting
Testing Accessibility
Kinds of Files
File Attributes
File Name Components
Directory Names
Relative File Names
File Name Expansion
Unique File Names
File Name Completion
Backup Files
Auto-Saving
Reverting
Making Backups
Rename or Copy
Numbered Backups
Backup Names
Buffer Basics
Buffer Names
Buffer File Name
Buffer Modification
Modification Time
Read Only Buffers
The Buffer List
Creating Buffers
Killing Buffers
Current Buffer
Basic Windows
Splitting Windows
Deleting Windows
Selecting Windows
Cyclic Window Ordering
Buffers and Windows
Displaying Buffers
Window Point
Window Start
Vertical Scrolling
Horizontal Scrolling
Size of Window
Resizing Windows
Window Configurations
Creating Frames
Multiple Displays
Frame Parameters
Frame Titles
Deleting Frames
Finding All Frames
Frames and Windows
Minibuffers and Frames
Input Focus
Visibility of Frames
Raising and Lowering
Frame Configurations
Mouse Tracking
Mouse Position
Pop-Up Menus
Dialog Boxes
Pointer Shapes
Window System Selections
Color Names
Resources
Display Feature Testing
Point
Motion
Excursions
Narrowing
Character Motion
Word Motion
Buffer End Motion
Text Lines
Screen Lines
List Motion
Skipping Characters
Overview of Markers
Predicates on Markers
Creating Markers
Information from Markers
Moving Markers
The Mark
The Region
Near Point
Buffer Contents
Insertion
Commands for Insertion
Deletion
User-Level Deletion
The Kill Ring
Undo
Auto Filling
Filling
Margins
Sorting
Indentation
Columns
Case Changes
Text Properties
Substitution
Transposition
Registers
Change Hooks
Kill Ring Concepts
Kill Functions
Yank Commands
Low-Level Kill Ring
Internals of Kill Ring
Primitive Indent
Mode-Specific Indent
Region Indent
Relative Indent
Indent Tabs
Motion by Indent
Examining Properties
Changing Properties
Property Search
Special Properties
Format Properties
Sticky Properties
Saving Properties
Lazy Properties
Clickable Text
Fields
Not Intervals
Text Representations
Converting Representations
Selecting a Representation
Character Codes
Character Sets
Chars and Bytes
Splitting Characters
Scanning Charsets
Translation of Characters
Coding Systems
Input Methods
Locales
String Search
Regular Expressions
Regexp Search
Match Data
Saving Match Data
Standard Regexps
Searching and Case
Syntax of Regexps
Regexp Example
Syntax Descriptors
Syntax Table Functions
Parsing Expressions
Standard Syntax Tables
Syntax Table Internals
Syntax Class Table
Syntax Flags
Abbrev Mode
Abbrev Tables
Defining Abbrevs
Abbrev Files
Abbrev Expansion
Standard Abbrev Tables
Subprocess Creation
Synchronous Processes
Asynchronous Processes
Deleting Processes
Process Information
Input to Processes
Signals to Processes
Output from Processes
Sentinels
Network
Process Buffers
Filter Functions
Accepting Output
Starting Up
Getting Out
System Environment
Terminal Input
Terminal Output
Flow Control
Batch Mode
Startup Summary
Init File
Terminal-Specific
Command-Line Arguments
Killing Emacs
Suspending Emacs
Refresh Screen
Truncation
The Echo Area
Selective Display
Overlay Arrow
Temporary Displays
Waiting
Blinking
Usual Display
Beeping
Window Systems
Building Emacs
Pure Storage
Garbage Collection
Object Internals
Writing Emacs Primitives
Buffer Internals
Window Internals
Process Internals
GNU General Public License
**************************
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
========
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in
new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program",
below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on
the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under
copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each
licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act
of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
the Program (independent of having been made by running the
Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of
this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange
for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that
in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program
or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge
to all third parties under the terms of this License.
c. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display
an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and
a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the
program under these conditions, and telling the user how to
view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
itself is interactive but does not normally print such an
announcement, your work based on the Program is not required
to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not
apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate
works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a
whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of
the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions
for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each
and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
derivative or collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on
a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the
other work under the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
following:
a. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
software interchange; or,
b. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
c. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with
such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete
source code means all the source code for all modules it contains,
plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
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However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
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runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify
or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions
are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this
License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program
subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any
further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance
by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit
royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only
way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain
entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply
in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of
any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting
the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is
willing to distribute software through any other system and a
licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,
the original copyright holder who places the Program under this
License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this
License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such
new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but
may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies a version number of this License which applies
to it and "any later version", you have the option of following
the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program
does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted
by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software
Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision
will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
=============================================
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND AN IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
interest in the program `Gnomovision'
(which makes passes at compilers) written
by James Hacker.
SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.
back to top
elisp : GPL
table of contents
Introduction
Coding Conventions
Lisp Data Types
Numbers
Strings and Characters
Lists
Sequences Arrays Vectors
Hash Tables
Symbols
Evaluation
Control Structures
Variables
Functions
Macros
Customization
Loading
Byte Compilation
Advising Functions
Debugging
Read and Print
Minibuffers
Command Loop
Keymaps
Modes
Documentation
Files
Backups and Auto-Saving
Buffers
Windows
Frames
Positions
Markers
Text
Non-ASCII Characters
Searching and Matching
Syntax Tables
Abbrevs
Processes
Display
Calendar
System Interface
Antinews
GNU Free Documentation License
GPL
Tips
GNU Emacs Internals
Standard Errors
Standard Buffer-Local Variables
Standard Keymaps
Standard Hooks
Index
New Symbols
Caveats
Lisp History
Conventions
Acknowledgements
Some Terms
nil and t
Evaluation Notation
Printing Notation
Error Messages
Buffer Text Notation
Format of Descriptions
Coding Conventions
Compilation Tips
Documentation Tips
Comment Tips
Library Headers
A Sample Function Description
A Sample Variable Description
Printed Representation
Comments
Programming Types
Editing Types
Type Predicates
Equality Predicates
Integer Type
Floating Point Type
Character Type
Sequence Type
Cons Cell Type
Array Type
String Type
Vector Type
Symbol Type
Function Type
Macro Type
Primitive Function Type
Byte-Code Type
Autoload Type
Dotted Pair Notation
Association List Type
Buffer Type
Window Type
Window Configuration Type
Marker Type
Process Type
Stream Type
Keymap Type
Overlay Type
Integer Basics
Float Basics
Predicates on Numbers
Comparison of Numbers
Arithmetic Operations
Bitwise Operations
Numeric Conversions
Math Functions
Random Numbers
String Basics
Predicates for Strings
Creating Strings
Text Comparison
String Conversion
Formatting Strings
Case Conversion
Cons Cells
Lists as Boxes
List-related Predicates
List Elements
Building Lists
Modifying Lists
Sets And Lists
Association Lists
Setcar
Setcdr
Rearrangement
Sequence Functions
Arrays
Array Functions
Vectors
Symbol Components
Definitions
Creating Symbols
Property Lists
Intro Eval
Eval
Forms
Quoting
Self-Evaluating Forms
Symbol Forms
Classifying Lists
Function Forms
Macro Forms
Special Forms
Autoloading
Sequencing
Conditionals
Combining Conditions
Iteration
Nonlocal Exits
Catch and Throw
Examples of Catch
Errors
Cleanups
Signaling Errors
Processing of Errors
Handling Errors
Error Symbols
Global Variables
Constant Variables
Local Variables
Void Variables
Defining Variables
Accessing Variables
Setting Variables
Variable Scoping
Buffer-Local Variables
Scope
Extent
Impl of Scope
Using Scoping
Intro to Buffer-Local
Creating Buffer-Local
Default Value
What Is a Function
Lambda Expressions
Function Names
Defining Functions
Calling Functions
Mapping Functions
Anonymous Functions
Function Cells
Related Topics
Lambda Components
Simple Lambda
Argument List
Function Documentation
Simple Macro
Expansion
Compiling Macros
Defining Macros
Backquote
Problems with Macros
How Programs Do Loading
Autoload
Named Features
Repeated Loading
Compilation Functions
Disassembly
Simple Advice
Defining Advice
Computed Advice
Activation of Advice
Enabling Advice
Preactivation
Argument Access in Advice
Subr Arguments
Combined Definition
Debugger
Syntax Errors
Compilation Errors
Edebug
Error Debugging
Function Debugging
Explicit Debug
Using Debugger
Debugger Commands
Invoking the Debugger
Internals of Debugger
Excess Open
Excess Close
Streams Intro
Input Streams
Input Functions
Output Streams
Output Functions
Intro to Minibuffers
Text from Minibuffer
Object from Minibuffer
Completion
Yes-or-No Queries
Minibuffer Misc
Basic Completion
Minibuffer Completion
Completion Commands
High-Level Completion
Reading File Names
Programmed Completion
Command Overview
Defining Commands
Interactive Call
Command Loop Info
Input Events
Reading Input
Waiting
Quitting
Prefix Command Arguments
Recursive Editing
Disabling Commands
Command History
Keyboard Macros
Using Interactive
Interactive Codes
Interactive Examples
Keymap Terminology
Format of Keymaps
Creating Keymaps
Inheritance and Keymaps
Prefix Keys
Menu Keymaps
Active Keymaps
Key Lookup
Functions for Key Lookup
Changing Key Bindings
Key Binding Commands
Scanning Keymaps
Major Modes
Minor Modes
Mode Line Format
Hooks
Major Mode Conventions
Example Major Modes
Auto Major Mode
Mode Help
Minor Mode Conventions
Keymaps and Minor Modes
Mode Line Data
Mode Line Variables
%-Constructs
Documentation Basics
Accessing Documentation
Keys in Documentation
Describing Characters
Help Functions
Visiting Files
Saving Buffers
Reading from Files
Writing to Files
File Locks
Information about Files
Contents of Directories
Changing Files
File Names
Visiting Functions
Subroutines of Visiting
Testing Accessibility
Kinds of Files
File Attributes
File Name Components
Directory Names
Relative File Names
File Name Expansion
Unique File Names
File Name Completion
Backup Files
Auto-Saving
Reverting
Making Backups
Rename or Copy
Numbered Backups
Backup Names
Buffer Basics
Buffer Names
Buffer File Name
Buffer Modification
Modification Time
Read Only Buffers
The Buffer List
Creating Buffers
Killing Buffers
Current Buffer
Basic Windows
Splitting Windows
Deleting Windows
Selecting Windows
Cyclic Window Ordering
Buffers and Windows
Displaying Buffers
Window Point
Window Start
Vertical Scrolling
Horizontal Scrolling
Size of Window
Resizing Windows
Window Configurations
Creating Frames
Multiple Displays
Frame Parameters
Frame Titles
Deleting Frames
Finding All Frames
Frames and Windows
Minibuffers and Frames
Input Focus
Visibility of Frames
Raising and Lowering
Frame Configurations
Mouse Tracking
Mouse Position
Pop-Up Menus
Dialog Boxes
Pointer Shapes
Window System Selections
Color Names
Resources
Display Feature Testing
Point
Motion
Excursions
Narrowing
Character Motion
Word Motion
Buffer End Motion
Text Lines
Screen Lines
List Motion
Skipping Characters
Overview of Markers
Predicates on Markers
Creating Markers
Information from Markers
Moving Markers
The Mark
The Region
Near Point
Buffer Contents
Insertion
Commands for Insertion
Deletion
User-Level Deletion
The Kill Ring
Undo
Auto Filling
Filling
Margins
Sorting
Indentation
Columns
Case Changes
Text Properties
Substitution
Transposition
Registers
Change Hooks
Kill Ring Concepts
Kill Functions
Yank Commands
Low-Level Kill Ring
Internals of Kill Ring
Primitive Indent
Mode-Specific Indent
Region Indent
Relative Indent
Indent Tabs
Motion by Indent
Examining Properties
Changing Properties
Property Search
Special Properties
Format Properties
Sticky Properties
Saving Properties
Lazy Properties
Clickable Text
Fields
Not Intervals
Text Representations
Converting Representations
Selecting a Representation
Character Codes
Character Sets
Chars and Bytes
Splitting Characters
Scanning Charsets
Translation of Characters
Coding Systems
Input Methods
Locales
String Search
Regular Expressions
Regexp Search
Match Data
Saving Match Data
Standard Regexps
Searching and Case
Syntax of Regexps
Regexp Example
Syntax Descriptors
Syntax Table Functions
Parsing Expressions
Standard Syntax Tables
Syntax Table Internals
Syntax Class Table
Syntax Flags
Abbrev Mode
Abbrev Tables
Defining Abbrevs
Abbrev Files
Abbrev Expansion
Standard Abbrev Tables
Subprocess Creation
Synchronous Processes
Asynchronous Processes
Deleting Processes
Process Information
Input to Processes
Signals to Processes
Output from Processes
Sentinels
Network
Process Buffers
Filter Functions
Accepting Output
Starting Up
Getting Out
System Environment
Terminal Input
Terminal Output
Flow Control
Batch Mode
Startup Summary
Init File
Terminal-Specific
Command-Line Arguments
Killing Emacs
Suspending Emacs
Refresh Screen
Truncation
The Echo Area
Selective Display
Overlay Arrow
Temporary Displays
Waiting
Blinking
Usual Display
Beeping
Window Systems
Building Emacs
Pure Storage
Garbage Collection
Object Internals
Writing Emacs Primitives
Buffer Internals
Window Internals
Process Internals
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