This chapter lists specific commands for compiling, linking, and running Pascal programs on the IRIS-4D. It also explains the tools used in each command procedure.
You can find general information about compiling, linking, and running programs on the IRIS-4D in the IRIS-4D Series Compiler Guide.
Compile and link programs using the Pascal driver command pc as described in this section.
This is the format of the pc command:
pc [ options] filename |
These are the parts of the command and their tasks:
pc invokes the Pascal driver processes that compile, optimize, assemble, and link edit the program. (To compile programs without linking, see Section 2.1.2, “Pascal Driver Options” below.)
option represents a driver option. The number of options allowed on a command line by the compiler varies according to the task.
filename may include Pascal source code, object code, and libraries:
filename.p for Pascal source code
filename.o for object code
-l libraryname for libraries; libraries follow files
The output of the pc command is a program executable module.
The Pascal driver invoked by the pc command is an intelligent program that in turn invokes the five major components of the compiler system.
These are the five components, listed below in processing order:
Pascal compiler
optimizer
code generator
assembler
link editor
Figure 2-1 illustrates the compile process.
In this illustration, the primary driver phases are in the boxes. The principal input is the source file more.p. The principal output is the executable file a.out. The file name a.out is the default name for executables.
See Section 2.1.2 section below to rename the executable file during the compile process.
Three driver output options are listed in this section according to the task each one performs. Additional options are discussed briefly by category. The complete set of options is listed in reference format in the pc(1) man page.
Use the --c driver option to produce a linkable object file instead of an executable. This option stops the driver immediately after the assembler phase.
The linkable object file has the suffix .o.
Here is an example of the driver command with this option:
pc -c more.p |
The object file produced is more.o.
 | Note: When you want to place more than one object file on the command line, specify the file containing the main program first. The link editor requires this information. |
Use the -o option to rename the executable during the compile process. If this option is not used, the executable will be named a.out.
You can use this option with a source file or an object module.
Here is an example command line that takes the source file myprog.p, compiles it, links it, and names the executable exec.myprog:
pc myprog.p -o exec.myprog |
Here is an example command that takes the object module more.o, links it, and names the executable exec.myprog:
pc more.o -o exec.myprog |
If your program contains graphics routines from the Graphics Library, you need to use the graphics option. The graphics option, -Zg, automatically links to your program two libraries and a conversion file: libpgl.a, libgl.a, and p2cstr.o.
If you do not use the -Zg option, you can explicitly link the necessary routines as follows:
pc sourcefile.p -lpgl -lgl /usr/lib/p2cstr.o |
When you are debugging, use the -g option with the output option discussed above. The -g option creates an expanded symbol table in the object file and links the file using the debugging flag. An example of compiling for debugging is:
pc -g sourcefile.p -o executefile |
There are other forms of the -g option, plus different options for profiling ( -pn), optimizing ( -On), and other specialized driver functions. These are discussed and listed in the release notes for your version of Pascal.
The compiler system provides drivers for other languages in addition to Pascal, including C (standard), Fortran 77 (optional), and PL/1 (optional).
This section describes general multi-language compiling conventions.
When your application has two or more source programs written in different languages, you should compile each program separately with the appropriate driver, and then separately link them in another step. Use the -c option to create objects suitable for link editing.
For each language below, see the man page listed with it for correct driver command syntax:
C cc(1) Fortran 77 f77(1) PL/1 pl1(1) Pascal pc(1) |
Here is a command example with a C program and a Pascal program:
cc -c main.c pc -c rest.p |
main.c contains the main routine and is executed first, as required. Then the Pascal source file rest.p is compiled.
The compile processes and output for this example are shown in Figure 2-2.
The driver recognizes the .o suffix as the name of a file containing object code suitable for link editing, and immediately invokes the link editor.
Here is an example command that link edits the object created in the last example above:
pc -o all main.o rest.o |
The command produces the executable program object all. You can achieve the same results using the cc driver command with the additional option -l, as shown below:
cc -o all main.o rest.o -lp -lm |
Both f77 and cc use the C link library by default. However, the cc driver command does not know the names of the link libraries required by Pascal objects. Therefore, you must specify them explicitly to the link editor, using the -l option with the symbols for the other libraries.
The -l option with p links the Pascal library /usr/lib/libp.a.
The -l option with m links the Math library /usr/lib/libm.a.
See the FILES section of the Pascal pc(1) manual pages, for a complete list of files available. See the ld man page for additional information about the -l option.
In addition to compiling separate language source files into one executable, you can make inter-language calls between C, Pascal, and Fortran 77.
An interface between C and Pascal is described in Chapter 4 of this manual. An interface between Pascal and Fortran 77 is described in the Fortran 77 Programmer's Guide.
Run Pascal programs using the name of the executable object module produced by the pc command with the -o option.
If you do not rename the program during the compile process, it is named a.out by default. Invoke it with this command in the directory where the executable resides:
a.out |
If you do rename the program during the compile process, invoke it with its assigned name in the directory where the executable resides.
The IRIS-4D Series Compiler Guide contains more information about run time considerations.